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After a series of lengthy discussions, Somalia’s political leaders reached a landmark agreement on October 30, 2024, to hold the country’s first universal suffrage elections in more than five decades. Led by Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, the new electoral framework paves the way for one-person, one-vote elections across the nation, with local elections scheduled for June 2025.
Historic Decision for Direct Elections
Somalia’s government and federal member states outlined the plan for local, regional, and municipal elections, with a goal to extend this electoral model to parliamentary and presidential elections in September 2025. The decision, signed by Prime Minister Hamza Abdi Barre, regional leaders, and Mogadishu’s governor, marks a shift away from Somalia’s indirect electoral model, where clan delegates and state legislatures select national leaders.
“This framework is a historic step towards democratic governance in Somalia,” said the government in an official statement.
Opposition of The One-Person, One-Vote Elections from Regional Leaders
The plan has faced opposition from key leaders, including Puntland’s President Said Abdullahi Deni and Jubaland’s President Ahmed Mohamed Islam (Madobe). Deni, who previously distanced Puntland from federal institutions, criticized the move as unconstitutional and an illegal extension of regional presidents’ terms. Former Somali leaders, including ex-President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, have also condemned the framework, calling it a threat to national stability.
UN Supports Transition
In another important development, the United Nations Security Council recently adopted a resolution supporting Somalia’s transition from the U.N. Assistance Mission (UNSOM) to the U.N. Transitional Mission (UNTMIS). This transition will begin on November 1 and is expected to conclude in 2026, reinforcing international support for Somalia’s democratic path.
“The resolution marks a pivotal period for Somalia’s governance and stability,” stated U.K. Ambassador to the U.N. Barbara Woodward.
Looking Ahead
This framework’s implementation signals Somalia’s commitment to democratic reforms, though challenges remain as leaders navigate political divisions and security issues. Somalia has not held a nationwide one-person, one-vote election since 1969, underscoring the significance of this shift toward direct electoral participation.