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South Sudan is grappling with a growing militia problem, as efforts to curb armed groups risk fueling the emergence of new factions. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has reported a surge in attacks by community-based militias, particularly in Warrap, Jonglei, and Eastern Equatoria states, where civilians have suffered the highest rates of violence.
The government has struggled to contain subnational armed groups, which account for the majority of civilian casualties. While military operations have targeted existing militias, experts warn that the cycle of violence could persist if underlying grievances remain unresolved. The White Army, a Nuer community militia, has recently clashed with government forces in Upper Nile state, further complicating peace efforts.
Political tensions between President Salva Kiir and First Vice President Riek Machar have also fueled instability, with reports of renewed mobilization by armed factions. The UN has urged South Sudanese leaders to prioritize dialogue and avoid actions that could trigger a broader conflict.
As South Sudan approaches its first elections, the risk of militia fragmentation remains high. Without comprehensive reconciliation efforts, attempts to dismantle existing armed groups could lead to the formation of new militias, perpetuating instability in the region.