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The Horn of Africa is facing a severe humanitarian crisis, with the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) reaching a staggering 20.75 million by the end of 2024, according to a recent report by the International Organization for Migration (IOM). This alarming figure highlights the urgent need for international attention and support to address the ongoing conflict, natural disasters, and food insecurity plaguing the region.
Rising Displacement Numbers
The IOM report, released in Nairobi, Kenya, reveals that the number of IDPs in the Horn of Africa has increased from 20.42 million in October 2024. The surge is primarily attributed to the ongoing conflict in Sudan, particularly in Al Jazirah State, where heavy rains and reported fires have exacerbated the situation. Between October 20 and November 13, 2024, an estimated 68,801 households were displaced from various locations across the state.
Countries with High IDP Populations
Somalia, Ethiopia, and South Sudan are among the countries with the highest number of IDPs. Somalia alone has 3.5 million IDPs, while Ethiopia and South Sudan have 3.3 million and 2 million IDPs, respectively. The main drivers of displacement in the region include conflict, floods, drought, and food insecurity, particularly affecting Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia.

Refugees and Asylum Seekers
In addition to the IDP crisis, the Greater Horn of Africa region is also home to approximately 5.5 million refugees and asylum seekers, an increase from 5.1 million in October 2024. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) report that 67.4 million people in the region are food insecure, with 38 million of them residing in IGAD member states, including Djibouti, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda.
Humanitarian Response and Challenges
The IOM and other humanitarian organizations are working tirelessly to provide aid and support to those affected by the crisis. However, the scale of displacement and the complex socio-political landscape present significant challenges to delivering effective assistance. The international community must come together to address the root causes of displacement and ensure the safety and well-being of millions of people in the Horn of Africa.
The rising number of internally displaced persons in the Horn of Africa is a stark reminder of the ongoing humanitarian challenges in the region. As the world grapples with multiple crises, it is crucial to prioritize the needs of the most vulnerable populations and work towards sustainable solutions to end the cycle of displacement and suffering.